Define positive punishment.

Positive punishment is defined as the addition of an aversive stimulus following a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. When an individual engages in a behavior that is deemed undesirable, and a negative or unpleasant consequence immediately follows, this serves as a deterrent for that behavior. The key component of positive punishment is that something unfavorable is introduced in response to the behavior, which can effectively discourage the individual from repeating the behavior in the future.

This concept is essential in understanding behavior modification: when individuals learn that certain actions lead to undesirable outcomes, they are less likely to engage in those actions again. For example, if a child touches a hot stove and feels pain, the addition of this discomfort (an aversive stimulus) is intended to prevent the child from touching the stove again.

The other options involve different mechanisms of reinforcement and behavior modification, such as the removal of positive stimuli or the addition of positive reinforcements, which do not accurately describe the process of positive punishment.