Define positive reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement involves the addition of a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior, which enhances the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. This concept is rooted in operant conditioning, where behaviors are influenced by their consequences. When a behavior is followed by a positive outcome, such as praise, a treat, or a privilege, it creates a positive association with that behavior. Over time, this leads to an increase in the frequency of the behavior because individuals learn that their actions can lead to favorable results.

This is distinct from the other options, which describe different behavioral concepts. For instance, the removal of an aversive stimulus is an example of negative reinforcement, which also aims to increase behavior but through the cessation of something unpleasant rather than the introduction of something pleasant. Introducing an adverse consequence refers to punishment, which is intended to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. Lastly, promoting behavior without any consequences does not fall under reinforcement or punishment as it lacks any measurable impact on behavior through rewards or consequences.