How does a variable ratio schedule influence behavior?

A variable ratio schedule significantly influences behavior by encouraging a steady and high rate of response due to the unpredictability of reinforcement. In this schedule, reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of responses, which leads individuals to consistently engage in the behavior, hoping for the reward. This creates a strong motivation since the next response might be the one that leads to reinforcement, driving them to respond more often.

This type of schedule is effective in maintaining prolonged engagement, as individuals do not know when they will receive reinforcement, which keeps their efforts sustained over time. For example, the behavior associated with gambling or playing slot machines exemplifies this, as players continue to play with the hope that their next attempt will yield a reward, thereby demonstrating the impactful nature of a variable ratio schedule on behavior.