What are the two main types of punishment?

The two main types of punishment in behavior modification are indeed positive punishment and negative punishment. Positive punishment involves presenting an aversive stimulus after a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. For example, receiving a scolding for talking out of turn in class serves as positive punishment directed at reducing that behavior.

Negative punishment, on the other hand, involves removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. For instance, if a child loses access to their favorite toy for misbehaving, the removal of the toy serves as negative punishment, aiming to discourage the undesirable behavior.

Understanding these two types of punishment is essential as they both contribute to behavioral training, but they operate through different mechanisms. The other options presented do not accurately describe the standard classifications of punishment used in behavioral psychology, which is why they are not the correct choice.