What does negative punishment involve?

Negative punishment involves the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of an undesired behavior recurring. In this context, taking away a teenager's video game console for misbehavior exemplifies this concept perfectly. The video game console is something the teenager enjoys, and by removing it, the intention is to decrease the likelihood of the misbehavior occurring in the future. This method effectively helps convey to the individual the consequences of their actions in a way that encourages better behavior.

The other options, while related to behavioral management, do not embody the principle of negative punishment. For example, adding a chore for misbehavior represents positive punishment because it involves introducing an unpleasant consequence to discourage the behavior. Similarly, providing extra screen time for good behavior is an example of positive reinforcement, as it adds a rewarding stimulus to encourage desired behavior. Time-outs may serve as a form of negative reinforcement if they involve removing a child from a pleasurable situation, but they do not represent the core idea of negative punishment as established in behavioral theory since they can also be considered a form of isolation rather than directly removing a desired stimulus.