What is a significant impact of reinforcement on long-term learning?

Reinforcement plays a crucial role in shaping and maintaining learned behaviors over an extended period. When a behavior is reinforced, it increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. This is particularly important for long-term learning because it not only solidifies the connection between the behavior and the desired outcome but also strengthens the memory associated with that behavior.

By enhancing retention, reinforcement ensures that individuals are more likely to recall the behavior and apply it in relevant contexts moving forward. Additionally, reinforcement can facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors to new situations. When individuals experience success through reinforcement, they become more confident in their ability to apply their knowledge and skills in varied circumstances, which further supports long-term learning.

In contrast, the other options suggest negative effects associated with reinforcement. For instance, decreasing retention or only benefiting short-term memory contradicts the established understanding that positive reinforcement supports both retention and the ability to transfer what has been learned into different contexts.