What is an example of positive punishment?

Positive punishment involves presenting a stimulus following a behavior that decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. In this context, spanking for bad behavior is a clear example of positive punishment because it introduces an aversive consequence (the spanking) to discourage undesirable actions in the future.

When an individual engages in a behavior that parents or authority figures deem inappropriate, the immediate introduction of an unpleasant experience like spanking serves to reduce the frequency of that behavior. The emphasis here is on the application of an undesirable stimulus in response to unwanted behavior, which is the essence of positive punishment.

The other options involve different concepts; for example, taking away a toy and removing privileges are forms of negative punishment, where a valued item or opportunity is removed to reduce undesirable behavior. Giving extra chores can often be seen as a form of additional responsibility or a form of aversive consequence, but it doesn't specifically target the behavior the same way spanking does in this scenario.