What occurs during negative punishment?

Negative punishment involves the removal of a pleasant stimulus following a behavior, which serves to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. In this context, the behavior that prompted the removal of the pleasant stimulus is discouraged because the individual loses something they value or enjoy.

For example, if a child is allowed to play video games but then loses that privilege due to misbehavior, the removal of the video game time (the pleasant stimulus) aims to reduce the frequency of the misbehavior. The principle behind negative punishment is that taking away something desirable makes the behavior less likely to happen again, reinforcing the idea that engaging in undesired behavior has consequences.

While other options involve the introduction of stimuli, which is not characteristic of negative punishment, they reflect different concepts in reinforcement and punishment. Adding an aversive stimulus to discourage behavior aligns with positive punishment, while adding a pleasant stimulus encourages behavior, which falls under positive reinforcement. Removing an aversive stimulus to encourage behavior describes negative reinforcement. Thus, only the removal of a pleasant stimulus is associated with negative punishment.