Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement is best described as the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a particular behavior. This concept is rooted in operant conditioning, where behaviors are influenced by their consequences. In this case, when an undesirable condition or stimulus (like a loud noise or discomfort) is taken away after a desired behavior is exhibited, it increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.

For example, if a student learns that turning in their homework on time avoids the unpleasant consequence of receiving a detention, they are more likely to continue turning in their homework on time to escape that negative outcome. The focus here is on strengthening a behavior by eliminating something aversive, which ultimately promotes the desired action and reinforces it positively. This contrasts with other methods like punishment, which focuses on deterring unwanted behaviors by introducing unpleasant consequences instead.