Which of these is an example of negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a desired behavior. In the example of turning off a beeping alarm when the user gets out of bed, the unpleasant stimulus (the beeping noise) is removed as a result of the desired behavior (getting out of bed). This removal encourages the individual to continue the behavior of getting up in the future to avoid the annoying beep.

The other options illustrate different concepts. Yelling at a student represents a form of punishment rather than reinforcement, as it aims to decrease disruptive behavior rather than increase desired behavior by removing an unpleasant condition. Giving a student extra homework is also a form of punishment intended to discourage certain behaviors. Taking away privileges for poor grades serves as punishment as well, aiming to decrease undesirable academic performance rather than reinforcing positive behavior through the removal of an unfavorable condition.