Which type of reinforcement is intended to increase a behavior by adding a positive stimulus?

The correct choice, which is positive reinforcement, serves the purpose of increasing a desired behavior by introducing a favorable stimulus following that behavior. This type of reinforcement is based on the concept that when a behavior is followed by a rewarding consequence, the likelihood of that behavior repeating increases in the future.

For example, if a student receives praise or a reward for completing their homework on time, the praise acts as a positive stimulus that encourages the student to continue doing their homework promptly. Positive reinforcement effectively strengthens behavior by associating it with a positive outcome.

Negative reinforcement, in contrast, involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior, while punishment aims to decrease a behavior by introducing an unpleasant consequence or removing a pleasant one. Extinction refers to the process of reducing a behavior by ceasing to provide the reinforcement that was previously maintaining it. Each of these alternative concepts focuses on modifying behavior but does so in different ways than positive reinforcement does.